Staging and Dramatic Tension in A Streetcar Named Desire - Literature Essay Samples

Tennessee Williams uses a variety of techniques to produce a strong sense of dramatic tension throughout A Streetcar Named Desire, as he mainly focuses on the interactions between characters to create an edgy mood. For example, Williams’ presentation of Blanche suggests she is actually the main cause of dramatic tension in the play – as her relationship with Stella and Stanley seems to be quite strained due to her own apprehensive nature. The use of setting as well as sound effects also contributes to the overall unnerving atmosphere, since these features both create an element of excitement and establish an aura of uneasiness. Consequently, the audience grows more aware of the overwrought tone that dominates the play, and becomes more intrigued by Williams’ effective use of dramatic staging. In scene 1, Williams is immediately successful in building a tense atmosphere as he highlights Blanche’s tentativeness when arriving in New Orleans for the first time. When Blanche enters her sister’s flat, the stage directions picture her as sitting ‘very stiffly with her shoulders slightly hunched and her legs pressed close together’. The word ‘stiffly’ indicates how uncomfortable Blanche is and the fact that she is ‘hunched’ suggests that she is feeling very anxious; she is nervously cowering away in a corner of the room. In addition, Williams’ description of her legs ‘pressed close together’ implies that she senses danger, and is therefore overcome by a sudden urge to protect herself and maintain a tight, solid composure. The audience instantly recognises Blanche’s tense response to her surroundings and possibly notices that Blanche is in a vulnerable position. Blanche is said to come from a tradition al middle class background of the Old South, an upbringing which was romanticised greatly; therefore, she represents an almost fanatical world full of beauty and sophistication. A Marxist view may be that the tension is amplified due to her incongruousness with her new environment; she is not used to the cramped, unsophisticated conditions of the modern New Orleans apartment and therefore feels quite uneasy about the situation. Williams’ presentation of Stella and Blanche’s relationship at the beginning of the play forms another key factor in constructing a suspenseful mood, as he establishes a sense of awkwardness between the sisters. For example, Williams notes that Blanche speaks with a ‘feverish vivacity’ which unveils how erratic and rushed she is, thus demonstrating how her mind is restless and the tension between her and her sister is all too powerful for her to maintain self-composure. Blanche’s immediate reaction appears to be to turn to al cohol as ‘she rushes to the closet and removes the bottle; shaking all over and panting for breath as she tries to laugh’. This movement reveals how Blanche is overcome by nerves and simply cannot contain herself, as she helplessly tries to remain calm but ‘the bottle nearly slips from her grasp’. Blanche’s inability to relax reinforces the tense atmosphere and informs the audience of her insecurity that is present throughout the play. A psychoanalytical view may be that Blanche is simple uncomfortable due to her own insecurity and lack of poise as she allows herself to be easily overcome with panic. Therefore, Blanche’s mental instability can be understood as a major contribution to the play’s tension – as she relies on alcohol to calm her nerves and allow herself to forget the edgy atmosphere. Similarly, dramatic tension is generated through Blanche’s relationship with Stanley, which allows Williams to produce an ambiance filled with ominousness. The tension between Stanley and Blanche becomes particularly apparent in Scene 2 when Stanley convinces himself that Blanche is lying about the mysterious loss of Belle Reve. He grows extremely aggressive as he ‘hurls the furs to the daybed’ and ‘kicks the trunk’ when tearing his way through Blanche’s possessions. This series of motions signifies Stanley’s explosive nature so that the audience begin to understand how edgy the Kowalski household is as a result of Stanley’s violence. Williams increases the tenseness even further as Blanche ‘airily’ exits the bathroom and greets Stanley in a friendly manner, making the contrast between these characters grow very apparent. Thus, Williams creates a rather awkward mood and allows the audience to consider how uneasy the a tmosphere is, as Stanley grows even angrier due to the fact that Blanche is so calm. This scenario could also link to the Marxist interpretation of class forming a key part of dramatic tension in the play; under this interpretation, Stanley is rather jealous of Blanche and her supposed hidden fortune. As a consequence, Stanley’s determination to demonise Blanche increases the wrought-up mood. Further on in scene 4, Williams adds to the dramatic tension by focusing on Stanley’s bitterness towards Blanche (after overhearing her great tour de force about his primitiveness). For example, when Stella embraces Stanley just after he returns from work, the stage directions state that Stanley ‘grins through the curtains at Blanche in a manner that quite an unsettling mood for the audience as well as for Blanche. Williams indeed generates a sinister tone as this eerie ‘grin’ acts as a form of intimidation towards Blanche, and again the audience is drawn into t his sly yet intense resentment that these two characters direct towards. This element of the plot could link to the fact that Stanley is an immigrant of a much lower class than Blanche, and he may possibly feel threatened by the fact that she is of a wealthier background than he is; therefore, his self-fulfilling prophecy is an act of revenge to embrace his primitive, bestial nature and subdue Blanche even more. In the following scene, Stella exclaims ‘Hey! Don’t I rate one kiss?’ to Stanley, to which he hardly replies ‘Not in front of your sister.’ This cutting remark reinforces the strong tension between Stanley and Blanche and suggests that the pressure between them has a considerable impact on Stanley and Stella’s marriage. A feminist view may be that Stanley is producing the majority of the play’s dramatic tension by effectively competing for his wife with Blanche – that he purely wants to maintain the dominant male role; th us, by intimidating Blanche and creating an unnerving environment for her to live in, he is forcing her out of his relationship with Stella. Williams’ use of setting is another way in which he manages to add to the plays dramatic tension as he conveys a true sense of edginess through the environment; for example in scene 3 (‘The Poker Night’) Williams cleverly adapts the setting to reflect a rather suspenseful atmosphere. Williams’ focus on the colours in the billiard-parlour is key as this is particularly effective in producing an agitated atmosphere. A number of references to colour are made; ‘the raw colours of childhood’s spectrum†¦yellow linoleum of the kitchen table†¦vivid green glass shade’ all of which are harsh, overwhelming colours. As these colours are quite jarring the audience is effectively warned about the fierce drama that is to follow, therefore producing a sense of apprehension. Stanley, Steve, Mitch and Pablo are also referred to as ‘as coarse and direct and powerful as primary colours’ and Williams notes their coloured shirts  œ ‘solid blues, a purple red-and-white check, a light green’. These additional references to strong bright colours exaggerate the men’s potency and forcefulness which again adds to the dramatic tension; as the boldness of the men contrasts greatly with Blanche’s femininity and pale pastels that are associated with her. Likewise at the beginning of scene 4 Williams’ stage directions reflect a state of chaos and tension following Stanley’s act of violence towards Stella the night before. For example the table is said to be ‘sloppy with the remains of breakfast and the debris of the preceding night’. The fact that the table is ‘sloppy’ reflects how little has been done in an attempt to recover after the shocking occurrences and the ‘debris’ symbolises the tension that still lingers in the air from the previous night. Stanley’s ‘gaudy pyjamas’ are lying on the bathroom floor which adds to the apprehensive mood, making the audience wary of his presence as its unclear as to whether he is still in the household. The precise attention drawn to his ‘gaudy’ pyjamas also implies how Stanley dominates the play throughout due to his ability to create tension and overshadow other weak characters. The outside door is ‘slightly ajar’ which furthers the unsettled mood as the apartment is unprotected and open to the dangers of the outside world, but also creates a sense of hesitance as it’s not clear as to what is to enter or leave. The use of plastic theatre throughout A Streetcar Named Desire also has a massive impact on the dramatic tension in the play as Williams incorporates many sound effects to reflect the strained tone. The piece of music that is used most often is the Blue piano which is meant to represent Blanche’s mental deterioration.

Global Views Of Privacy Paper Essay - 1949 Words

Global Views of Privacy Paper Eddie Caraballo Ethics Introduction The widespread use of information technology, automatic data processing techniques, the formation of global information systems, access to which can be virtually made by any person from anywhere in the world – these are the real characteristics of the gaining momentum digital era. On the one hand, the benefits of free access to information directly provide the realization of one of the most important democratic rights to freedom of information to citizens. The management of large-scale automated databases not only significantly optimizes the various processes of preparation and decision-making but also facilitates citizens’ access to the digital market – from the use of credit cards to the formation of a biometric portrait and projection of possible diseases. On the other hand, the widespread use of personal data by public authorities, businesses and social organizations significantly increases the risk of intrusion by unauthorized persons in the private sphere o f a person, creating an infringement threat of one of its fundamental natural rights – the right to privacy (Bygrave, 2014). The need for primary protection of human rights and the formation of the principle of the need of such protection was highlighted in the work of John Locke â€Å"Two Treatises of Government†, published in 1690. The author wrote that, despite the fact that a person in a natural stateShow MoreRelatedTaking One More Step Towards Managing the Threats from Cloud Storage1045 Words   |  5 Pageswriting skill or ability of expression. Unfortunately, my opinions usually seem to disappear when I am flooded with others views. Hence, the extended argument paper requires me to spend more efforts on understanding of myself. On this basis, Being aware of the value of the position and feeling confident enough to communicate with readers, writers are able to compose a perfect paper with creative insight, logical reasoning, lucid exposition and appropriate use of evidence. In this semester, withRead More Government Intervention On The Internet Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pageslife in numerous ways. The natural evolution of computer technology and this need for ultra-fast communications has caused a global network of interconnected computers to develop. This global network allows a person to send E-mail across the world in mere fractions of a second, and allows a common person to access wealths of information worldwide. This newfound global network, originally called Arconet, was developed and funded solely by and for the U.S. government. 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Biography Of Ludwig Van Beethoven s Symphonies - 1558 Words

Ludwig van Beethoven’s nine symphonies are indispensable pieces of music and contributed to him being referred to as one of the most famous musicians in all of musical history. His symphonies are still played today and are recognized around the world. He is known as a symphonic master due to his nine symphonies. Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer during the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic eras. Beethoven’s symphonies were greatly influenced by Haydn and Mozart in the beginning, but they showed remarkable signs of his individuality and eventually transformed into his own style. His life is categorized into three periods; early period, heroic period, and later period, in which his music had distinct characteristics in each of the time periods. His symphonies were first composed in a very classical style that stemmed from his mentors, to later develop into a more romantic style with his own personal touch to finally compose the music that he wanted, without thinking about the music he thought he was supposed to compose. †¨ †¨ The early period of Beethoven’s life lasted approximately six years, from 1794 to 1800. This period began directly after Beethoven met the famous composer Franz Joseph Hayden and moved to Vienna to study with him for two years. Although the lessons with Hayden were not successful due to a personality conflict, Haydn greatly influenced Beethoven’s early period. 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This piece was highly controversial, and most people at the time had thought Beethoven had finally gone mad when the truth is, he was just going deaf. While attention tends to focus on the choral finale, the opening of the work is every bit as momentous. He immediately established the key, which served as a logical bridgeRead More Beethoven Essay2971 Words   |  12 Pagesexperience of suffering, pure and profound, enters as an integral part into Beethovenamp;#8217;s greatest work, that helps to give that work its unique place in the minds and hearts of men.;(Marek, 634) These words of compassion come from J. W. N. Sullivan during Ludwig van Beethovenamp;#8217;s funeral. They express the regret and sense of loss felt by people all over the world as they caught news of his end. Beethoven was and is a cornerstone for music of all kinds in that he combined new colorRead MoreBiography of Ludwig Van Beethoven3909 Words   |  16 PagesSource: Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed. 17 Vols. 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Beyond these basic assumptions, this research looks to unearth not only the psychological aspects of Beethoven’s personal life, but also how those aspects and other major events in his life affect his composition. Beethoven was born in December of 1770, baptized on the 17th, in the small city

Police Brutality By News Broadcasts And Social Media

Police use of force has been manipulated into police brutality by news broadcasts and social media sites causing many citizens to despise the police. The spread of videos featuring unnecessary force by police officers arresting criminals has given all officers a bad name, however, not all officers make bad decisions when it comes to the proper use of force. According to a 2008 study that was done on 40 million police cases only 1.4% of the cases were threatened with or involved with the use of force (Dempsey Frost, 2014, p.136). Yet, society still associates the police with brutality. The public does not understand the factors that go into force, such as, the training of the officer, knowledge of rules regarding use of force, the situation the police encounters, social threat, attitude displayed towards officers, and resistance (Lee, Jang, Yun, Lim, Tushaus, 2010). The public does not know the many factors that influence an officer’s use of force. So when they see or hear ab out force, they assume it is unnecessary. However, there are certain situations were force is necessary to stop an immediate threat. Very few officers are actually involved in police brutality, but the media would show otherwise. The problem with media is that things are left out. For instance, a video may show a cop tackling a suspect and harshly detaining them, but the video does not show what lead up to that tackle and use of force. The media also only shares the â€Å"interesting† stories which makesShow MoreRelatedThe Violence Of Police Officers Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pagesmotivated police brutality and societal discrimination. Though his efforts were not in vain, today’s media representation of law enforcement impacts the societal cultivation of police officers in a negative way. Media outlets, in the forms of television, radio, or social websites, create a cynical view of police officers, which influences societal beliefs and creates negative connotations. These days, police are often stereotyped as aggressive, corrupt beings. The growing hatred for police officersRead MoreThe Effects Of Police Brutality On The Relationship1243 Words   |  5 Pages Bad Blood: The Effects of Police Brutality on the Relationship Between Minorities and the Police Brandon Seigle June 16, 2017 CRJS 498 NC AT University ..................Column Break..................As children we are taught that not only are police officers our friends, but that their job is to protect and serve our communities. Unfortunately, for many minorities this image is shattered as incident after incident occurs in the streets of their communities. With today’s technology, theseRead MorePolice Brutality : How The Media Influences Our Perceptions1422 Words   |  6 PagesPolice Brutality: How the Media Influences Our Perceptions The perception of excessive force has been intensely debated for the last few decades. With continuous public defiance increasing, instances of police brutality are rising at an exponential rate. However, the accessibility to social media has greatly increased as well, therefore, causing us to become more aware of such situations. With that considered, the increased amount of police beatings is far less than what may be perceived. FrequentlyRead MoreSurveillance Of The Police Force887 Words   |  4 Pagesforce that is used to surveillance citizens. Due to development of technology surveillance of all citizens, including the police, is very high. In recent news the Toronto police are experimenting with body cameras following a popular case regarding an officer who was recorded using excessive force against a man with a knife on a streetcar. Due to high media coverage the police have been stigmatized as a whole and are being demanded to take responsibility for their excessive action. The definitionRead MorePolice Brutality1569 Words   |  7 PagesPersuasive/Policy/Problem/Cause/Solution Central Idea/Thesis: Police brutality should be regulated with greater strength and objectivity. INTRODUCTION I. Police brutality is constantly made known to us all through mass media, but I hadn’t ever taken the time to truly grasp the severity of it until it hit close to home. A. Three weeks ago, a close family friend was brutally beaten in front of his children at a family gathering by the police. B. 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For the vast majority of citizens, this is something they never have experienced. Many police officers go their entire careers without ever having to draw their weapon or even engage in a serious physical confrontation in order to protect themselves or the public from an offender. A very small percentage ofRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Society s Attitude Toward Pointing Out An Apparent Ongoing Struggle Between Whites And Blacks1668 Words   |  7 Pagesare so many of the top stories in the news adversarial and geared toward pointing out an apparent ongoing struggle between whites and blacks? Is it because society is only interested in hearing about what is going wrong in the world, or is the media trying to create controversy and increase racial tensions to garner larger television audiences and sell more newspapers? Many stories in the news relate to racism: police brutality, education, crime; the media has a way of portraying these matters orRead MoreThe Effects Of Excessive Police Violence On Citizen Crime Reporting Essay1681 Words   |  7 PagesThis study examines how incidents of excessive police violence influence citizen crime reporting. As our main case study, we examine one of Milwaukeeâ₠¬â„¢s most publicized moments of police brutality: the 2004 beating of an unarmed black man, Frank Jude, by white police officers. Using an interrupted time series design, we analyze patterns of police-related 911 calls before and after the Jude beating was made public in the Milwaukee press. Controlling for several neighborhood characteristics, along withRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effect On Society1742 Words   |  7 Pagesyourself, what Police Brutality defines itself as? â€Å"Police Brutality is when an officer using more force than necessary to control a situation.† (Smith). Police Brutality occurs with OC spray, batons, stun guns, or handguns. But Police Brutality can also be seen with a use of threats or intimidation. In today’s world, we see plenty of stories all over social media, the news shows live broadcasts on protesters against the Police and excessive force. If you stop and look around, most of the Police Brutality

Gambia and Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of...

As far as we can go back in history human rights have been violated, nonetheless many attempts have been made to protect human rights. The first attempt was the signing of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights after World War II. The world agreeing to this declaration was a way to ensure that the lives of so many people weren’t to be lost again for unnecessary reasons. The main purpose of this declaration is making sure that all humans have the right to freedom, justice, and peace in the world. It also says that everyone has the right to nationality, religion, and his or her own opinion. Unfortunately today in many countries human rights are still violated. One of the countries that violates human rights is The Gambia and I will be focusing on Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Article 19 of the universal declaration of human rights states â€Å" Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes the right to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.† â€Å"Freedom of expression is a fundamental human right. The full enjoyment of this right is central to achieving individual freedoms and to developing democracy.† However in The Gambia although the constitution and law provide for freedom of speech and press, the government has restricted these rights. The Gambia one of Africas smallest countries and unlike many of its WestShow MoreRelated A Study of Cotton Trade and Trade in Africa Essays4519 Words   |  19 Pagesgovernments because their governments are poor. Two weeks ago, the WTO declared these subsidies illegal and now wants the U.S. to stop offering subsidies to its cotton farmers. The United States has yet to implement the changes set forth by W.T.O; right now the government said that it is still studying the report. Meanwhile cotton farmers in developing nations continue to suffer due to these illegal subsidies. Developing Countries and International Trade Most developing countries around theRead MoreEducational Wastage: a Case Study of Upper Primary School Girl Dropouts in Otonglo Zone, Kisumu Municipality10149 Words   |  41 PagesIntelex ICT Solutions who typeset and flawlessly formatted this report. DECLARATION BY CANDIDATE This research proposal is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other university. No part of this research may be reproduced in any means or form without the prior consent of the author or the University of Nairobi. ___________________________ Date:___________________ Susan Ombati (Candidate) DECLARATION BY SUPERVISORS This research proposal report has been submitted for examinationRead MoreStabilisation in Investment Contracts and Changes of Rules in Host Countries: Tools for Oil Gas Investors34943 Words   |  140 PagesHAS STABILITY BEEN ADDRESSED OVER THE YEARS? ..........................................................15 1.4 SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................................19 CHAPTER 2: WHY DO HOST GOVERNMENTS CHANGE RULES? .......................................20 2.1 WAVES AND THEIR EFFECTS .........................................................................................................20 2.2 THE ARMOURY ..Read MorePrimary Sector of Economy17717 Words   |  71 Pagescounter them.[5][6][7] Such differences also come about due to more efficient production in developed economies, given farm machinery, better information available to farmers, and often larger scale. [edit] List of countries by agricultural output Main article: List of countries by GDP sector composition Global agricultural output from 1970 to 2008. This time covers the effects of the Green Revolution. Below is a list of countries by agricultural output in 2011. Agricultural output in 2011 | Rank | CountryRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesINTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY, AND BEHAVIOR, EIGHTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright  © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions  © 2009, 2006, and 2003. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies

Value of Strategic Management Accounting †Assignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Value of Strategic Management Accounting. Answer: Finding the after tax operating profit for each division and comparing the profits: Particulars Australia Germany Germany to Australia New Zealand New Zealand to Australia Operating revenues $ 10,479,000 5,200,000 $ 5,980,000 4,800,000 $ 4,176,000 Operating expenses $ 7,510,000 3,600,000 $ 4,140,000 3,500,000 $ 3,045,000 Operating income $ 2,969,000 1,600,000 $ 1,840,000 1,300,000 $ 1,131,000 Tax $ 1,187,600 480,000 $ 552,000 260,000 $ 226,200 After tax operating profit $ 1,781,400 1,120,000 $ 1,288,000 1,040,000 $ 904,800 Income tax rate required 40% 30% 30% 20% 20% The overall profits generated by the organisation in Australia are relevantly at 1,781,400, which is higher than all the relevant profits generated in Germany and New Zealand. The overall profitability in New Zealand and Germany is mainly converted in Australia, where the overall profits are not greater than Australia. After the conversion of the overall profits into Australian currency, the income generated in New Zealand and Germany is relatively lower in comparison with the revenue generated in Australian division. Calculating the ROI and comparing with the divisions: Particulars Australia Germany to Australia New Zealand to Australia Long-term assets 14,845,000 12,320,000 7,349,063 After tax operating profit 1,781,400 1,288,000 904,800 ROI 12.00% 10.45% 12.31% The overall return on investment is mainly depicted in the above table, which could mainly help in understanding the benefits portrayed by deploying relevant long-term assets. However, from the returns on investment calculation overall benefits portrayed by New Zealand deviations are relevantly higher. After the overall conversion of long-term assets and net profit from New Zeeland and Germany into Australian currency, relevant return could be identified. In addition, the overall return on investment is relevantly higher for New Zealand division in comparison with Australian and Germany division. Furthermore, the overall return provided from investment for New Zealand at 12.31%, where the Australian division mainly has returns of 12% and lastly the overall return provided by the Germany division is 10.45%. Hoglund et al. (2016) stated that the overall detection of return on investment mainly allows the organisation to understand the overall income that is been generated from capital employed. Depicting the residual income and comparing with different countries: Particulars Australia Germany to Australia New Zealand to Australia After tax operating profit 1,781,400 1,288,000 904,800 required rate of return 8% 9% 13% Cost of operating assets 14,845,000 12,320,000 7,349,063 Residual income 593,800 179,200 (50,578) The overall residual income is mainly identified from the above table, where the residual income of Austrian branch is relevantly higher than other branches. This only indicates that after all the relevant deduction from debt and expenses the Australian branch is producing more income from the investment. Redoing the overall operating profit instead of net income and depicting why there is a big difference: Particulars Australia Germany to Australia New Zealand to Australia Long-term assets 14,845,000 12,320,000 7,349,063 Operating income 2,969,000 1,840,000 1,131,000 ROI 20.00% 14.94% 15.39% The overall ROI before the tax deduction is relevantly higher for the Australian division, which is mainly due to the high income generated by that division. However, the overall tax rate in Australia is relevantly higher than New Zealand, which is why the organisation is having lower RIO after tax deduction in Australia. Thus, tax rate plays a vital role in identifying the overall return from investment that is been provided by the organisation (Susilawati et al. 2016). Reference: Hglund, L., Holmgren Caicedo, M., Mrtensson, M. and Svrdsten, F., 2016. Management accounting of control practices: a matter of and for strategy. Inthe 9TH INTERNATIONAL EIASM PUBLIC SECTOR CONFERENCE, held in LISBON, PORTUGAL, SEPTEMBER 6-8, 2016.. Susilawati, M., Ludigdo, U., Irianto, G. and Baridwan, Z., 2016. Frame Value of Strategic Management Accounting Based on the Balance of Tri Kaya Parisudha.

Chinas Economic Growth Due to Recent Foreign Poli Essay Example For Students

Chinas Economic Growth Due to Recent Foreign Poli Essay ciesRecent Chinese economic policies have shot the country into the worldeconomy at full speed. As testimony of this, Chinas gross domestic product hasrisen to seventh in the world, and its economy is growing at over nine percentper year (econ-gen 1). Starting in 1979, the Chinese have implemented numerouseconomic and political tactics to open the Chinese marketplace to the rest ofthe world. Just a few areas Chinas government is addressing are agriculturaltechnology, the medical market, and infrastructures, like telecommunications,transportation and the construction industry. Chinese reform measures evenanticipated the rush of foreign investment by opening newly expanded industriesto out-of-country investors. Effects of this sudden change in economic strategyby a world power can be felt by practically every nation of the globe involvedin international trade. The change in the amount of imports and exports to andfrom China will increase the demand on countless markets, from automobile , topetrochemical, to pharmaceuticals, and optical fiber. Also, with all theforeign investment China is receiving, the socialistic republic will only growmore and more interdependent upon the world economy. However, the impressivegrowth rate of Chinas economy is not without its shortcomings. Problems suchas inflation and inefficient state-owned enterprises plague the rise of theChinese economy. The main goal for Chinas modern foreign policies is the development ofthe Chinese infrastructure. The significance of improved communication andtransportation cannot be over-stressed. Economically, enhanced means ofcommunication and transportation allows more expedient supply and demandscheduling. Two of the latest Chinese reform measures to aid in the developmentof the country are the Provisional Regulations on Direction Guide to ForeignInvestment and the Catalogue Guiding Foreign investment in China. Both thesepolicies place specific industries including telecommunications, machinery, andelectronics on top priority. Funding for these projects come from foreigninvestments and appropriations from the Chinese government in the form of grantfinancing, and legislative or administrative support. Yet another example of the Chinese emphasis on industrial based growthis the far-reaching goal of having just under 100 million telecommunicationlines by the year 2000. Chinas Central Ministry of Posts and Communication saidthat in order to complete this major task China will enlist the aid of majoroverseas suppliers and create manufacturing plants within the nation. AT;T,Motorola, Northern Telecom, Alcatel, Erricsson, NEC, and Siemens are just ahandful of the multinational companies which hold a considerable share of theChinese telecom market, once again proving that China is becoming a party toglobal interdependence. The Chinese pharmaceutical market, much like Chinese industrial markets,is experiencing rapid growth due to reforms in Chinas economic strategy. Thenations government has decided to lower import tariffs and remove the necessityof an import license to bring pharmaceuticals into the country. Also, patentedforeign drugs, such as Tylenol, are now being protected from counterfeiting byadministrative action. The result of these provisions are overseas contractualinvestments totaling $1.5 billion in the past five years, and income from themedical industrys exports reaching 2.6 times the amount five years ago,according to Zheng Xiaoyu, director of the State Pharmaceutical Administration(scitech/med 1). The pharmaceutical markets growth is another example of theeconomic progress China has made. Even after accounting for all the economic benefits recognized by theworld, the Chinese still come out as the country with the most gains. However,there are more motives behind Chinas market reforms than just purely economic. On the political front, China is fast becoming an integral part of internationalorganizations. The Chinese government is making a conscious effort to reenterGATT (the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade), realizing the importance ofcreating a favorable trading status among foreign nations. Slowing thisprogress, the 124 nation strong trade bloc has requested that numerousconditions must be met by China before the nation can become a member of GATTonce again. Several of these provisions are the elimination of importprohibitions, restrictive licensing requirements and other controls orrestrictions; lifting of all restrictions on access to foreign exchange and fullconvertibility of the Chinese currency (china-tr. 2). Other important keythemes behind Chinas Open-Door policies are economic and technologicalcooperation with the West (china-tr 1) and that Chinas government no longersupports Third World revolution. Instead, China realizes that cooperation withdeveloping countries would be far more practical. .u8b1b85549609c817a5343ca3d1c5e1a4 , .u8b1b85549609c817a5343ca3d1c5e1a4 .postImageUrl , .u8b1b85549609c817a5343ca3d1c5e1a4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8b1b85549609c817a5343ca3d1c5e1a4 , .u8b1b85549609c817a5343ca3d1c5e1a4:hover , .u8b1b85549609c817a5343ca3d1c5e1a4:visited , .u8b1b85549609c817a5343ca3d1c5e1a4:active { border:0!important; } .u8b1b85549609c817a5343ca3d1c5e1a4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8b1b85549609c817a5343ca3d1c5e1a4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8b1b85549609c817a5343ca3d1c5e1a4:active , .u8b1b85549609c817a5343ca3d1c5e1a4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8b1b85549609c817a5343ca3d1c5e1a4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8b1b85549609c817a5343ca3d1c5e1a4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8b1b85549609c817a5343ca3d1c5e1a4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8b1b85549609c817a5343ca3d1c5e1a4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8b1b85549609c817a5343ca3d1c5e1a4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8b1b85549609c817a5343ca3d1c5e1a4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8b1b85549609c817a5343ca3d1c5e1a4 .u8b1b85549609c817a5343ca3d1c5e1a4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8b1b85549609c817a5343ca3d1c5e1a4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: â€Å"October Sky† by Joe Johnston and â€Å"Every Day Use† by Alice Walker’s EssayAlthough Chinese foreign policy is aimed at opening the nations entireeconomy to the world, it neglects the agricultural market almost entirely, withthe exception of technical contracts. These contracts are designed to improvethe transfer